Periodic Trends in Reactivity
Pre-Lab Questions
1.) What are groups? What are periods? What are families?
Groups of the periodic table are the vertical columns. The periods of the periodic table are the horizontal rows. The groups of the periodic table that share a lot of similarities within all of the other elements remaining in that group are called families.
2.) In general, where are the metals located on the periodic table?
The metals are located to the left of the boundary.
3.) What are the names of two metal families?
The alkali metals are the first group on the periodic table and the alkali earth metals are the second group located on the Periodic Table.
4.) What element is in Group 3 and the 3rd Period?
Gallium is located in the Group 3 and Period 3.
Procedure - Part 1: Trends in Properties Within Groups
1.) Acquire a test tube rack.
2.) Acquire two clean test tubes.
3.) Label each individual test tube.
4.) Fill the beaker with tap water and receive a disposable pipette.
5.) Bring test tubes to Charlene in order to receive a sample of magnesium and a sample of calcium.
6.) Use the pipette to cover the sample with water.
7.) Observe the reaction in occurrence carefully and enter the reaction into the data table.
8.) Dump the sample into your hand over and in the sink then, rinse the sample, and place in labeled beaker. Wash the test tubes thoroughly.
My chart consisted of 2 different kinds of metals Magnesium and Calcium, for Magnesium I observed tiny bubbles and for Calcium I observed the powder dissolving along with no reaction.
Procedure - Part 2: Activity Series of Some Metals in HCl
1.) Acquire one more clean test tube.
2.) Label the individual test tubes.
3.) One person from the 2 out of the group acquire HCl from Charlene.
4.) Reuse the magnesium sample and receive a sample of zinc and tin from Charlene.
5.) Cover the sample in dilute HCl, adding slowly drop by drop.
6.) Observe and complete the data table.
7.) Bring the sample to the fume hood, pour slowly one by one into the labeled waste bottles.
My chart consisted of Magnesium, Zinc and tin, for Magnesium I observed that before it look silver and as if a rectangle and feels like foil, after the acid it bubbles and steams the acid is clear and the Magnesium shrunk and is no longer in sight. For Zinc I observed that before it feels as if it's a rock after the acid it begins to bubble and the smoke comes out of the tube. And lastly for Tin I observed that before it looks and feels as if it's hardened foil After putting the acid nothing happened.
Post-Lab Questions
1.) What might be a reason for the difference in behavior between magnesium and calcium placed in water?
The difference in behavior could have been because magnesium was in a solid form and the calcium was dry and powdered, which appeared to mix with the water by dissolving. Also, the magnesium and calcium are in different periods on the periodic table, which is a possibility why they reacted differently.
2.) List the four metals from most reactive to least reactive. Use data from your lab to support your answer.
Zinc was the most reactive
Magnesium
Calcium
Tin was the least reactive
3.) In general, is there a relationship between the locations of metals on the periodic table and their relative activity?
The Elements located in the periods near the top of the periodic table tend to be more reactive, while the ones close to the metalloid boundary and on the bottom left have not as much reaction.
4.) Silicon, tin, and lead are all in the same group. The density of tin is about 7.28g/cm³ and the density of Pb is 11.34g/cm³. based on this trend, what do you estimate the density of silicon to be?
Estimate: 7.21g/cm³
5.) When elements are organized in the periodic table, various trends appear. Describe some of the trends that you learned about from this lab?
I learned that some trends from these kind of labs are that starting from the left to the right, the elements on the left tend to bemore reactive and the elements in occurrence on the right tend to be less reactive.
6.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move down a column or group in the periodic table?
Once you move higher up a column the elements tend to be more reactive.
7.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move across a period?
The elements that are located on the left tend to be more reactive then the elements on the right tend to be less reactive.
8.) Aavarirrange each of the following metals in order from most to least reactive. 9.) Which is the most reactive metal in the periodic table? Would you expect this metal to be found in its unreacted element form?
Lithium is the most reactive because it is on the very top left corner of the metals on the periodic table.
10.) Below is a reactivity chart. Do your results and conclusion agree with the information found on this chart?
Yes, our results happened to relate with the information on the chart, with the exception of tin.
Conclusion
-After coming to completion with this lab experiment, this experiment helped me to learn that the periodic table is full of a variation of different trends. Lastly, I learned that the different elements are arranged on the Periodic Table based on there reaction.